9701 AS & A Level Chemistry: past papers
613 papers from 2008 to 2025, with 53 questions sorted by syllabus topic.
Atomic structure Paper 2 · 6 questions
Particles, isotopes and orbitals5
Relative atomic mass from isotopic abundances, electrons in the 3d subshell of an iron(II) ion, and the shape of orbitals.
Ground-state electron configuration of vanadium, isotopes of niobium and tantalum, and calculating a relative atomic mass.
Particles in Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺ and their ionic radii, metallic bonding, melting points across Period 3, oxides with water, and amphoteric aluminium hydroxide.
Dynamic equilibrium in the iron(III) thiocyanate system, Le Chatelier changes, calculating Kc with units, and an electron configuration.
Atomic radius and melting points from silicon to sulfur, electrons in subshells, ionisation energies, and how Period 3 chlorides react with water.
Ionisation energies2
Nitrogen oxides, acid rain and smog, testing for nitrates, oxidation states, successive ionisation energies of phosphorus, and bonding in N₂ and P₂.
Atomic radius and melting points from silicon to sulfur, electrons in subshells, ionisation energies, and how Period 3 chlorides react with water.
Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry Paper 2 · 3 questions
The mole and equations2
Relative atomic mass from isotopic abundances, electrons in the 3d subshell of an iron(II) ion, and the shape of orbitals.
Ground-state electron configuration of vanadium, isotopes of niobium and tantalum, and calculating a relative atomic mass.
Reacting quantities and titrations1
Empirical formula of vitamin C and an iodine titration to find how much vitamin C a lemon contains.
Chemical bonding Paper 2 · 4 questions
Types of bonding4
Giant covalent structures of diamond and graphite and their conductivity, and how the chlorides of phosphorus and silicon react with water.
Period 3 oxides with oxygen and water, bonding in Al₂O₃, hydrolysing a nitrile, hydrating propene, and hydrogen bonding in Group 16 hydrides.
Nitrogen oxides, acid rain and smog, testing for nitrates, oxidation states, successive ionisation energies of phosphorus, and bonding in N₂ and P₂.
Particles in Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺ and their ionic radii, metallic bonding, melting points across Period 3, oxides with water, and amphoteric aluminium hydroxide.
Shapes of molecules and polarity1
Nitrogen oxides, acid rain and smog, testing for nitrates, oxidation states, successive ionisation energies of phosphorus, and bonding in N₂ and P₂.
Intermolecular forces1
Period 3 oxides with oxygen and water, bonding in Al₂O₃, hydrolysing a nitrile, hydrating propene, and hydrogen bonding in Group 16 hydrides.
States of matter Paper 2 · 1 question
Ideal gases and lattices1
Giant covalent structures of diamond and graphite and their conductivity, and how the chlorides of phosphorus and silicon react with water.
Chemical energetics Paper 2 · 2 questions
Enthalpy changes and Hess's law2
Electrophilic addition to ethene, Hess's law, reactions of 1,2-dibromoethane, carbonyl tests, and identifying a compound from its infrared and mass spectra.
Enthalpy changes of sodium carbonate and hydrogencarbonate with acid from a calorimetry experiment and a Hess cycle.
Electrochemistry Paper 2 · 1 question
Redox and oxidation numbers1
Nitrogen oxides, acid rain and smog, testing for nitrates, oxidation states, successive ionisation energies of phosphorus, and bonding in N₂ and P₂.
Equilibria Paper 2 · 2 questions
Equilibrium and Kc2
Dynamic equilibrium in the iron(III) thiocyanate system, Le Chatelier changes, calculating Kc with units, and an electron configuration.
Forming N₂O₃ from NO and NO₂: rates approaching equilibrium, calculating Kp, nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere, and making magnesium nitrate.
Brønsted–Lowry acids and bases1
Forming N₂O₃ from NO and NO₂: rates approaching equilibrium, calculating Kp, nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere, and making magnesium nitrate.
Reaction kinetics Paper 2 · 1 question
Rates and the Boltzmann distribution1
Mechanism of HBr addition to propene and why the secondary carbocation wins, then reading rates from a concentration-time graph for hydrogenation.
The Periodic Table: chemical periodicity Paper 2 · 5 questions
Period 3 trends and oxides5
Giant covalent structures of diamond and graphite and their conductivity, and how the chlorides of phosphorus and silicon react with water.
Period 3 oxides with oxygen and water, bonding in Al₂O₃, hydrolysing a nitrile, hydrating propene, and hydrogen bonding in Group 16 hydrides.
Particles in Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺ and their ionic radii, metallic bonding, melting points across Period 3, oxides with water, and amphoteric aluminium hydroxide.
Atomic radius and melting points from silicon to sulfur, electrons in subshells, ionisation energies, and how Period 3 chlorides react with water.
Making phosphoric acid, its use as an acid and catalyst in organic reactions, hydrating propene, and hydrolysing organophosphate esters.
Nitrogen and sulfur Paper 2 · 2 questions
Nitrogen, sulfur and pollution2
Nitrogen oxides, acid rain and smog, testing for nitrates, oxidation states, successive ionisation energies of phosphorus, and bonding in N₂ and P₂.
Forming N₂O₃ from NO and NO₂: rates approaching equilibrium, calculating Kp, nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere, and making magnesium nitrate.
An introduction to AS Level organic chemistry Paper 2 · 3 questions
Organic nomenclature, isomerism and mechanisms3
Electrophilic addition to ethene, Hess's law, reactions of 1,2-dibromoethane, carbonyl tests, and identifying a compound from its infrared and mass spectra.
Optical isomers of a bromoalkane, substitution and elimination with NaOH, distinguishing tests, and hybridisation of carbon atoms.
Optical isomerism and naming lactic and pyruvic acids, their reactions, and two three-step syntheses.
Hydrocarbons Paper 2 · 4 questions
Alkenes and electrophilic addition4
Mechanism of HBr addition to propene and why the secondary carbocation wins, then reading rates from a concentration-time graph for hydrogenation.
Electrophilic addition to ethene, Hess's law, reactions of 1,2-dibromoethane, carbonyl tests, and identifying a compound from its infrared and mass spectra.
Optical isomers of a bromoalkane, substitution and elimination with NaOH, distinguishing tests, and hybridisation of carbon atoms.
Making phosphoric acid, its use as an acid and catalyst in organic reactions, hydrating propene, and hydrolysing organophosphate esters.
Halogen compounds Paper 2 · 3 questions
Halogenoalkanes3
Reducing a carboxylic acid to an alcohol, then a three-step route through a chloroalkane and a nitrile to a new acid.
Electrophilic addition to ethene, Hess's law, reactions of 1,2-dibromoethane, carbonyl tests, and identifying a compound from its infrared and mass spectra.
Optical isomers of a bromoalkane, substitution and elimination with NaOH, distinguishing tests, and hybridisation of carbon atoms.
Hydroxy compounds Paper 2 · 3 questions
Alcohols3
Period 3 oxides with oxygen and water, bonding in Al₂O₃, hydrolysing a nitrile, hydrating propene, and hydrogen bonding in Group 16 hydrides.
Identifying C₄H₁₀O alcohols from the M+1 peak, infrared spectra and oxidation with acidified dichromate.
Optical isomerism and naming lactic and pyruvic acids, their reactions, and two three-step syntheses.
Carbonyl compounds Paper 2 · 2 questions
Aldehydes and ketones2
Electrophilic addition to ethene, Hess's law, reactions of 1,2-dibromoethane, carbonyl tests, and identifying a compound from its infrared and mass spectra.
Optical isomerism and naming lactic and pyruvic acids, their reactions, and two three-step syntheses.
Carboxylic acids and derivatives Paper 2 · 2 questions
Carboxylic acids and esters2
Reducing a carboxylic acid to an alcohol, then a three-step route through a chloroalkane and a nitrile to a new acid.
Making phosphoric acid, its use as an acid and catalyst in organic reactions, hydrating propene, and hydrolysing organophosphate esters.
Nitrogen compounds Paper 2 · 2 questions
Amines and nitriles2
Reducing a carboxylic acid to an alcohol, then a three-step route through a chloroalkane and a nitrile to a new acid.
Period 3 oxides with oxygen and water, bonding in Al₂O₃, hydrolysing a nitrile, hydrating propene, and hydrogen bonding in Group 16 hydrides.
Organic synthesis Paper 2 · 2 questions
Functional group routes2
Reducing a carboxylic acid to an alcohol, then a three-step route through a chloroalkane and a nitrile to a new acid.
Optical isomerism and naming lactic and pyruvic acids, their reactions, and two three-step syntheses.
Analytical techniques Paper 2 · 2 questions
Infrared and mass spectrometry2
Electrophilic addition to ethene, Hess's law, reactions of 1,2-dibromoethane, carbonyl tests, and identifying a compound from its infrared and mass spectra.
Identifying C₄H₁₀O alcohols from the M+1 peak, infrared spectra and oxidation with acidified dichromate.