9700 AS & A Level Biology: past papers

Root hair cell structures, and the symplast and apoplast pathways for water crossing the root.

Controlling HIV transmission, magnification, and evidence that the opportunistic pathogen Pneumocystis is a eukaryote (cell wall, organelles).

Organelles of alveolar macrophages, and controlling tuberculosis with BCG vaccination programmes.

Liver blood supply, hepatocyte organelles, Kupffer cells removing old red cells, and peroxisomes vs mitochondria.

Controlling HIV transmission, magnification, and evidence that the opportunistic pathogen Pneumocystis is a eukaryote (cell wall, organelles).

Smooth muscle in airways and the gut wall, cell size and magnification, and what a gene mutation is.

Galactose compared with α-glucose, and analysing sugar content data for carrot varieties.

Fatty acids in olive oil: saturated and unsaturated chains, and the structure and variety of triglycerides.

Haemoglobin as a globular protein, and the substances involved in carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood.

Using photosynthesis products, nitrate uptake by roots, and loading amino acids and sucrose into phloem.

Keratin structure with disulfide bonds, and comparing keratinase enzymes for temperature and pH range.

Non-competitive inhibition and Km for horseradish peroxidase, and start and stop codons in a synthetic gene.

Lysozyme and the induced-fit model, and comparing lysozyme with penicillin as antibacterial agents.

Keratin structure with disulfide bonds, and comparing keratinase enzymes for temperature and pH range.

The apoplast pathway and the Casparian strip, and active transport vs facilitated diffusion of potassium ions into root cells.

Using photosynthesis products, nitrate uptake by roots, and loading amino acids and sucrose into phloem.

Maintaining diffusion gradients in alveoli, ventilation, surfactant, and transcription and translation of a transporter gene.

Using antibodies on magnetic beads to collect stem cells, and making artificial red blood cells.

Adult stem cells, tissue repair by mitosis, tumour formation, telomeres, and blood cells formed from bone marrow stem cells.

Chromatin condensing into chromosomes during mitosis.

Chromatin and histones, chromosome structure at metaphase, and changes to chromosomes from S phase through mitosis.

Complementary base pairing between DNA and RNA nucleotides during transcription.

Non-competitive inhibition and Km for horseradish peroxidase, and start and stop codons in a synthetic gene.

Complementary base pairing between DNA and RNA nucleotides during transcription.

Smooth muscle in airways and the gut wall, cell size and magnification, and what a gene mutation is.

Maintaining diffusion gradients in alveoli, ventilation, surfactant, and transcription and translation of a transporter gene.

Root hair cell structures, and the symplast and apoplast pathways for water crossing the root.

The apoplast pathway and the Casparian strip, and active transport vs facilitated diffusion of potassium ions into root cells.

Using photosynthesis products, nitrate uptake by roots, and loading amino acids and sucrose into phloem.

Xylem vessel elements, cohesion-tension, and how xylem structure reduces resistance to flow.

Haemoglobin as a globular protein, and the substances involved in carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood.

Malaria and the oxygen dissociation curve: standardising an experiment and the effect of a right shift on loading and unloading.

Liver blood supply, hepatocyte organelles, Kupffer cells removing old red cells, and peroxisomes vs mitochondria.

Tuberculosis species and transmission between people and animals, and spread to arteries.

HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral therapy, and a coronary artery bypass graft.

Tuberculosis: the pathogen, transmission, antibiotic treatment, and identifying airways and blood vessels in lung tissue.

Smooth muscle in airways and the gut wall, cell size and magnification, and what a gene mutation is.

Maintaining diffusion gradients in alveoli, ventilation, surfactant, and transcription and translation of a transporter gene.

Tuberculosis: the pathogen, transmission, antibiotic treatment, and identifying airways and blood vessels in lung tissue.

Controlling HIV transmission, magnification, and evidence that the opportunistic pathogen Pneumocystis is a eukaryote (cell wall, organelles).

Malaria and the oxygen dissociation curve: standardising an experiment and the effect of a right shift on loading and unloading.

Organelles of alveolar macrophages, and controlling tuberculosis with BCG vaccination programmes.

Lysozyme and the induced-fit model, and comparing lysozyme with penicillin as antibacterial agents.

HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral therapy, and a coronary artery bypass graft.

Tuberculosis species and transmission between people and animals, and spread to arteries.

Using antibodies on magnetic beads to collect stem cells, and making artificial red blood cells.

Adult stem cells, tissue repair by mitosis, tumour formation, telomeres, and blood cells formed from bone marrow stem cells.

Organelles of alveolar macrophages, and controlling tuberculosis with BCG vaccination programmes.