9702/42 · Oct/Nov 2025

Circular motion due to the Earth's rotation: radius, speed, and forces on a person.

Newton's law of gravitation, kinetic theory assumptions, gas pressure and molecular spacing.

Thermal equilibrium and a constant-volume gas thermometer.

First law, internal energy and work from p–V and energy graphs over a cycle.

SHM from an acceleration–displacement graph, the period, and damping.

Electric field and potential of a charged sphere, then discharge through a resistor.

Period and r.m.s. value of an alternating voltage, and a rectified power graph.

Photons and hydrogen energy levels: ground state energy and level differences.

Mass defect and fusion energy, a star's luminosity and temperature, and standard candles.

X-ray contrast, attenuation coefficients and how CT scanning builds a 3D image.