9700/42 · May/June 2025

The electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane, chemiosmosis and ATP synthesis.

How genetic drift and the founder effect change allele frequencies.

Awns on rice grains: a dihybrid cross with epistasis and a chi-squared test.

Meiosis, fertilisation and why a zygote is diploid with homologous chromosomes.

Obtaining human genes for recombinant proteins, and producing insulin to treat diabetes.

Guard cell structure, daily rhythms of stomatal opening, and how stomata open and close.

Maintaining a resting potential, and how low blood potassium changes an action potential.

Features of the kingdom Fungi, and how the partners in a lichen benefit each other.

Sampling plants with a frame quadrat, and testing for a correlation between plant height and altitude.

Blood lactate in a diving grey seal and anaerobic respiration.