Practical skills in biology
A good investigation changes one independent variable, measures the dependent variable, and keeps other variables controlled (e.g. temperature with a water bath). A control experiment (e.g. boiled enzyme) shows the effect is caused by the factor tested. Repeats improve reliability. The CORMS plan: Change, Organisms (same species, age, size), Repeat, Measure (what and how), Same (control variables). Biological drawings use clear single lines, no shading, labelled with ruled lines. Evaluate by identifying anomalies and suggesting specific improvements.
≈ 40 min