Multi-step synthesis
A2 synthesis combines aliphatic and aromatic reactions. Key aromatic links: benzene → (conc. HNO₃/H₂SO₄) nitrobenzene → (Sn/HCl, NaOH) phenylamine → (NaNO₂/HCl < 10 °C) diazonium → (phenol/NaOH) azo dye, or (warm water) phenol. Benzene → (RCl/AlCl₃) alkylbenzene → (KMnO₄/OH⁻, heat) benzoic acid. Benzene → (RCOCl/AlCl₃) aryl ketone → (NaBH₄) secondary alcohol. Acyl chlorides make esters and amides. Plan by retrosynthesis, give reagents and conditions, and recognise each step's reaction type. Purify solids by recrystallisation and check purity by melting point.
≈ 50 min