Functional group routes
Organic synthesis links functional groups through known reactions. Alkene → (HBr) halogenoalkane → (NaOH aq) alcohol → (Cr₂O₇²⁻/H⁺, distil) aldehyde → (reflux) carboxylic acid → (alcohol, H₂SO₄) ester. Halogenoalkane → (KCN, ethanol) nitrile → (H⁺/H₂O) acid or (LiAlH₄) amine. Carbonyl → (HCN) hydroxynitrile; (NaBH₄) alcohol. Alcohol → (conc. H₂SO₄, heat) alkene. To lengthen a chain by one carbon, use CN⁻. Plan backwards from the target, and give reagents and conditions for each step.
≈ 45 min