Organic nomenclature, isomerism and mechanisms
Organic molecules are shown as displayed, structural or skeletal formulae. IUPAC names use the longest chain, the lowest locants and alphabetical prefixes (e.g. 2-methylbutane, 1-bromo-2-chloropropane). Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but different structures (chain, position or functional group isomers). Stereoisomers have the same structure but different spatial arrangement: E/Z isomers arise from restricted rotation about C=C when each C has two different groups. Bonds break by homolytic fission (radicals) or heterolytic fission (ions). Nucleophiles donate an electron pair; electrophiles accept one. Curly arrows show movement of electron pairs.
≈ 50 min